The employer must take measures so that electricity harms nobody or, if that is not possible, to reduce the risk to a minimum, based on the risk assessment (article 2). Installations are used and maintained properly and their protections are checked periodically (article 3.3).
Against direct contact (guide, table 1)
- Covering live parts with insulation.
- Barriers or enclosures: covers, boxes, closed switchboards.
- Distance and obstacles.
- The residual current device (RCD), as additional protection.
Against indirect contact
- Automatic disconnection of the supply (earthing together with the RCD).
- Class II equipment.
- Electrical separation of circuits and equipotential bonding.
According to the guide, a user may check that the RCD works (something worth doing periodically) if it does not mean opening a switchboard with live parts within reach.
Source: INSST, Guía técnica para la evaluación y prevención del riesgo eléctrico (technical guide, 2020, in Spanish), comments on article 2 and article 3, table 1 · Real Decreto 614/2001, sobre protección frente al riesgo eléctrico (Royal Decree on protection against electrical risk; consolidated text, in Spanish), articles 2 and 3